| 王萌萌,范博文,赵立琴,孙宁,杨凤军,田丽美,吴瑕.牛粪对双孢菇菌渣堆肥过程中碳氮转化及真菌群落的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(1):162-173. |
| 牛粪对双孢菇菌渣堆肥过程中碳氮转化及真菌群落的影响 |
| Effects of cattle manure on carbon and nitrogen transformation and fungal communities during composting of Agaricus bisporus fungus residues |
| 投稿时间：2023-01-11 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0019 |
| 中文关键词: 堆肥 菌渣 牛粪 真菌群落 碳氮转化 核心真菌 |
| 英文关键词: composting spent mushroom substrate cattle manure fungal community carbon and nitrogen transformation core fungus |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（31801905）；黑龙江省蔬菜现代农业产业技术协同创新体系资助项目（HNWJZTX202001）；黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目（LH2021C066） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为揭示牛粪对双孢菇菌渣堆肥过程中真菌群落动态及其对碳氮转化的影响，使用高通量测序技术探索了牛粪和菌渣堆肥过程中真菌群落组成、结构的变化，利用生物信息学的方法分析了真菌群落及其与碳、氮组分间的相互作用关系。以牛粪和菌渣作为研究对象，采用条垛式堆肥的方法共堆肥42 d，设CK（100% 双孢菇菌渣）和CD（双孢菇菌渣∶牛粪=7∶3）两个处理。结果表明：CD处理比CK堆肥总有机碳（TOC）降低2.17%，腐熟期碳、氮分别提高48.69%和4.01%，发芽指数（GI）提高49.33%。添加牛粪提高了菌渣堆肥中真菌群落丰富度和多样性，堆体温度高且高温期延长23 d；子囊菌门和担子菌门是两处理的优势菌门；CD处理食线虫菌属（Duddingtonia）、Coprinellus、鬼伞属（Coprinopsis）、细粒嗜热菌属（Thermomyces）的相对丰度均高于 CK，有利于碳氮转化。利用 Pearson 相关系数构建网络模型，分析筛选出与碳氮转化相关的核心真菌属，CD 处理有 2个与 TOC 相关的核心真菌属（50%正相关），CK处理中有7个属与TOC相关（28.6%正相关）。菌渣牛粪联合堆肥真菌共现网络的关联性和复杂性更高，真菌群落间竞争减弱，平均路径长度较低，网络更敏感。菌渣堆肥添加牛粪可改变核心真菌与TOC和总氮（TN）间的关系，在CD处理中TOC核心菌与TOC呈正相关，而在CK处理中呈负相关。两处理TN核心菌与TN间均呈显著正相关关系，与TOC负相关。研究表明，菌渣与牛粪联合可使堆体快速升温，延长堆体的高温期，核心真菌通过增加与其他微生物的相互作用，影响碳氮转化，降低TOC损失率，提高堆肥品质。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This study aimed to reveal the effect of cattle manure on fungal community dynamics and its effect on carbon and nitrogen transformation during the composting process of Agaricus bisporus fungus residues. The changes in the composition and structure of fungal communities during the composting of cattle manure and fungus residues were explored using high-throughput sequencing, and the relationships between fungal communities and their carbon and nitrogen fractions were analyzed using bioinformatics. Cattle manure and A. bisporus fungus residues were employed as the research objects. The method of strip composting was used for 42 days. Two treatments, CK （100% A. bisporus residue）and CD（A. bisporus residue∶cattle manure=7∶3）were used in this study. Compared with the CK, the CD treatment reduced the total organic carbon（TOC）by 2.17%, increased carbon and nitrogen during the decomposition period by 48.69% and 4.01%, respectively, and raised the germination index（GI）by 49.33%. The addition of cattle manure increased the abundance and diversity of fungal communities in the compost, with high pile temperatures and an extended high temperature period of 23 days. Cysticercus and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant phyla in both treatments; the relative abundance of Duddingtonia, Coprinellus, Coprinopsis, and Thermomyces in the CD treatment was higher than that of CK, favoring carbon and nitrogen transformation. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to construct a network model, analyze and screen out the core fungi related to carbon and nitrogen conversion, with two core fungal genera associated with TOC in the CD treatment（50% positive correlation）and seven genera associated with TOC in the CK treatment（28.6% positive correlation）. The co-occurrence network of fungal residue-cattle manure co-composting was more associative and complex, with reduced competition between fungal communities, lower mean pathway lengths, and more sensitive networks. The addition of cattle manure to fungus residue compost altered the relationships among core fungi, TOC, and total nitrogen（TN） exhibiting a positive correlation between TOC core fungi and TOC in the CD treatment and a negative correlation in the CK treatment. There was a significant positive correlation of TN core bacteria with TN in both treatments and a negative correlation with TOC. The combination of fungus residue and cattle manure can quickly heat the compost pile, thereby prolonging its high temperature period. By increasing the interaction with other microorganisms, the core fungi can influence carbon and nitrogen transformation, reduce total organic carbon loss rate, and improve compost quality. |
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