| 秦沂樟,白静,赵健,谢崇宝,杨延梅,罗琳.长江流域农田生态排水沟渠氮削减效应研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2024,43(2):389-400. |
| 长江流域农田生态排水沟渠氮削减效应研究 |
| Nitrogen removal effect of agricultural ecological drainage ditches in the Yangtze River Basin, China |
| 投稿时间：2023-06-29 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2023-0517 |
| 中文关键词: 长江流域 生态排水沟渠 农业面源 氮 Mann-Whitney U检验 K-W检验 |
| 英文关键词: Yangtze River Basin ecological drainage ditch agricultural non-point source nitrogen Mann–Whitney U test K-W test |
| 基金项目:中央财政科技计划结余经费（2021YSKY-05）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFC3201505） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究长江流域农田生态排水沟渠对总氮（TN）的削减效果，本研究收集长江流域生态排水沟渠的639项野外现场试验数据，通过Mann-Whitney U检验和K-W检验方法探究了不同植被类型、沟渠类型、强化措施类型、温度范围和进水浓度范围等因子对生态排水沟渠TN削减效率的影响。结果表明：在农田生态排水沟渠中，不同植被类型中的多种人工植被对TN削减效果最好，平均削减效率为47.72%；沟渠类型为边坡半衬砌（沟壁材质为部分混凝土，沟底材质为全土）对TN去除效果最佳，其平均削减率为58.18%；强化措施类型中，添加基质类和设置拦截类强化措施的生态排水沟渠对TN削减效果最好，其平均削减效率为54.24%；气温处于>25~35℃时生态排水沟渠TN削减效果更有效，而在低温环境下可以通过种植耐寒植物（绿狐尾藻、黑麦草等）提高削减率；沟渠进口TN浓度多数集中在>2~4 mg·L-1之间，沟渠出口TN浓度主要分布在0~2 mg·L-1之间，TN进口浓度为>2~4 mg·L-1时沟渠TN削减效果最佳；不同浓度条件下，沟渠选择种植多种人工植被，对沟壁进行半衬砌，设有强化措施都能有效提高TN的净化效果； TN削减效率与水力停留时间、沟渠长度、水深呈现正相关；在多种因素最优的情形下，TN表面去除负荷随着TN进口浓度增大而增大。研究表明，长江流域农田生态排水沟渠选择多种人工挑选的植被、沟渠类型选择边坡半衬砌、同时添加基质类和设置拦截类强化措施更能有效地削减TN，并且控制气温在>25~35℃和进口浓度为>2~4 mg·L-1来削减TN，另外延长沟渠长度和控制水体的水深、水力停留时间可更好地削减TN。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To improve the total nitrogen（TN）removal efficiency of ecological drainage ditches（EDDs）in the Yangtze River Basin, this study collected 639 field test data from EDDs in the basin and investigated the effects of different vegetation types, ditch materials, reinforcement measures, temperature ranges, and TN influent concentration ranges on the TN removal efficiency（TNRE）of the EDDs using Mann – Whitney U test and K – W test methods. The results showed that EDDs covered with various types of selected vegetation performed better in TN mitigation than ditches with other types of vegetation, producing an average TNRE of 47.72%. Among different ditch types, EDDs with semi-lined side slopes（ditch slope material was partially concrete, and ditch bottom material was full soil）had the best effect on TNRE, with an average removal efficiency of 58.18%. Among the different reinforcement measure types, EDDs with artificial substrates and interception-type reinforcement measures added had the best TNRE, with an average reduction efficiency of 54.24%. The TN reduction effect of EDDs was greater when the temperature was >25–35 ℃. In low-temperature environments, the TN reduction effect could be improved by planting certain cold-tolerant plants. The TN inlet concentration of the ditch was mainly within >2–4 mg·L-1, and the TN outlet concentration of the ditch was mainly within 0 – 2 mg·L-1. The reduction effect in the EDDS was best when the TN inlet concentration was within >2–4 mg·L-1. Under different concentration conditions, ditches were selected for the planting of various selected vegetation, semi-lined side slopes, and reinforcement measures to improve the purification effect of TN. The TNRE was positively correlated with hydraulic retention time, ditch length, and water depth. The TN surface removal load increased with inlet concentration. The results showed that EDDs in the Yangtze River Basin could more effectively reduce TN under the following conditions： implementation of various selected vegetation and ditches with semi-lined side slopes, addition of artificial substrates and interception-type reinforcement measures, temperature and inlet concentration controlled at >25–35 ℃ and >2–4 mg·L-1, respectively, and extended length of ditch and controlled water depth and hydraulic retention time of water bodies. |
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