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| 气候变化对西北半干旱区旱作农业的影响及解决途径 |
| Impact of Climate Change on Rain-fed Farming and Response Solutions in Semiarid Area of Northwest China |
| 投稿时间：2015-04-02 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2015.0093 |
| 中文关键词: 气候变化 旱作农业 影响 解决途径 |
| 英文关键词: climate change rain-fed farming impact solutions |
| 基金项目:公益性行业(农业部)科研专项(201203031);甘肃省杰出青年基金项目(1210RJDA011) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过分析气候变化对西北半干旱区旱作农业生产的影响、当前生产中应用的主要抗旱技术、提高粮食生产能力的机理等,以探索应对未来气候变化下西北旱作农业发展的技术途径,为推动未来旱作农业发展、保障粮食安全提供参考。结果表明,未来气候变化对西北半干旱区作物生长的影响主要有3方面:一是气温升高导致作物产量降低,品质下降;二是降水量和降水格局变化引发的作物干旱/洪涝问题;三是极端气候引发的气象灾害导致粮食生产波动。为适应或缓解上述不利影响,提高有限降水利用效率、优化土壤结构、提升土壤肥力、增强作物-土壤体系抵御环境变化的能力,缓解未来气候变化对西北半干旱区粮食生产的影响,应主要从3方面入手:(1)覆盖聚集降水,提高土壤蓄水保墒能力,改变土壤水分分配,调控土壤水分运移并提高降水入渗效率,从而“调水”以适应降水变化;(2)土壤培肥优化土壤结构、改良土壤理化性质,从而“改土”提高作物-土壤体系对环境变化的适应能力以应对未来气候变化,稳定旱作农业生产力;(3)通过“调水”和“改土”技术集成,形成“水土协调”技术体系以综合应对未来气候变化,减缓未来气候变化对西北半干旱区粮食生产的不利影响。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The impact of climate change on the agriculture production in semi-arid areas of Northwest, the major drought-resistant technology, the mechanism of increasing grain production were analyzed to explore technical solutions to retort the future climate change, future development of rainfed agriculture, and provide reference for food security. The results showed that the impact of future climate change on crop growth had main three aspects: Firstly, higher temperatures resulted in lower crop yield and quality decline; Secondly, changes in precipitation and precipitation patterns resulted in drought/flooding problems; Thirdly, meteorological disasters caused by extreme weather lead to fluctuations of food production. To adapt or mitigate these adverse effects, increase use efficiency of limited rainfall, optimize soil structure, improve soil fertility, enhance withstanding environmental change ability of crop-soil system, mitigate the impact of future climate change on food production in semi-arid region of Northwest China, the mainly solutions were: (1) Covering gathered precipitation, improve the ability to accumulate soil moisture, change the distribution of soil moisture, regulate the migration and improve the infiltration of precipitation, thus “adjusting water” to adapt to precipitation changes; (2) Optimizing soil structure, physical and chemical properties by soil fertilization, thus “regulating soil” to improve the ability of crop-soil system against to environmental changes, in order to stabilize productivity of rainfed agriculture; (3) Integrate “adjusting water” and “regulating soil” technology, forming technical system of “coordination of water and soil” to comprehensively response to future climate change, mitigate the adverse impact of future climate change on food production in semi-arid region of Northwest, China. |
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