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| 成都平原不同种植模式下重金属镉污染风险和经济效益评价 |
| Evaluation of economic benefits and cadmium pollution risk in different cropping system in Chengdu Plain, China |
| 投稿时间：2018-06-21 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0164 |
| 中文关键词: 种植模式，经济效益，镉污染，轮作 |
| 英文关键词: cropping system, economic benefit, cadmium pollution, rotation |
| 基金项目:四川省科技支撑计划项目（2015NZ0108）；公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503119-03-01） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了评估成都平原常规粮油种植模式下的重金属镉污染风险和经济效益，寻求稳定、高产且利于推广的安全种植模式。选取成都平原最常见的6种粮油作物，设置了小麦-玉米轮作、油菜-玉米轮作、小麦-红苕轮作、油菜-红苕轮作、小麦-大豆轮作、油菜-大豆轮作、小麦-水稻轮作、油菜-水稻轮作8种种植模式，在轻中度污染农田开展了两年田间试验，对各个种植模式的产量、经济产出，以及收获物、秸秆和土壤的重金属镉含量进行测定。结果表明，当前试验区最广泛使用的小麦-水稻种植模式下的小麦和水稻籽粒镉含量均超标，存在极大的生产风险。玉米-油菜种植模式的籽粒镉含量最低，均未超标，能够实现安全生产，但经济产出较小麦-水稻轮作模式显著降低。油菜-水稻轮作模式的农田产出效益最大。相比种植小麦，种植油菜后，后茬水稻对应的重金属镉含量降低70.2%。综合生产和环境效益，将小麦-水稻种植模式更换为油菜-水稻模式是目前既能保证农民收益又能有效降低重金属镉污染风险的最佳措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The economic benefits and cadmium pollution risk in different cropping system in Chengdu Plain were evaluated, in order to obtain some stable, economical and farmer easily accepted and heavy metal cadmium security cropping system. Six common food and oil crops were selected, and eight rotation systems including wheat-maize rotation, oilseed rape-maize rotation, wheat-sweet potato rotation, oilseed rape-sweet potato rotation, wheat-soybean rotation, oilseed rape-soybean rotation, wheat-rice rotation and oilseed rape-rice rotation were set in this trial. The yield and economic benefit, the cadmium concentration of the kernel, straw and soil in each cropping system were measured. The results of two years field trial showed that both the wheat and rice kernel cadmium concentration were above the national standard in wheat-rice rotation system which was widely applied in experimental region. The kernel cadmium concentration was below the national standard in maize-oilseed rape rotation system; however, the economic benefit of this rotation system was greatly decreased compared with wheat-rice rotation system. The oilseed rape-rice rotation system had the highest economic benefit in all of eight rotation systems. The kernel cadmium concentration of the rice which was planted after oilseed rape was decreased by 70.2% compared with the kernel cadmium concentration of the rice which was planted after wheat. Generally, the oilseed rape-rice rotation was the best cropping system to alternate the wheat-rice rotation system which could ensure the income of the famers and decrease the cadmium pollution risk in agricultural production. |
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