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| 畜禽粪便堆肥过程中雌激素降解特征 |
| Characteristics of estrogen degradation in livestock manures during composting |
| 投稿时间：2018-12-03 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2018.0346 |
| 中文关键词: 鸡粪，猪粪，牛粪，堆肥，雌激素，降解 |
| 英文关键词: chicken manure, pig manure, cow manure, composting, estrogen, degradation |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41771523，41977121） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 2363 |
| 全文下载次数: 2032 |
| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究畜禽粪便堆肥过程中雌激素降解特征，测定了南京附近养殖场的鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪中天然雌激素雌三醇（E3）、17β-雌二醇（17β-E2）和人工合成雌激素炔雌醇（EE2）、双酚A（BPA）含量。对三种粪便进行堆肥实验，测定了堆肥0、2、4、8、16 d和32 d时四种雌激素的浓度；并以牛粪为代表，对堆体进行不翻堆、两日一翻堆和一日两翻堆处理，研究了翻堆对堆肥过程中雌激素降解的影响。结果表明，三种畜禽粪便均含有较高浓度的天然雌激素，鸡粪和牛粪还含有人工合成雌激素，而鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪中雌激素的活性当量浓度EEQ值分别为3 595.86、268.84、1 207.12 μg·kg-1，存在较大的雌激素污染风险；在堆肥32 d，鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪的EEQ残留率分别为10.1%、10.6%、0，堆肥处理很大程度上降低了雌激素污染风险。当畜禽粪便中多种雌激素共存时，雌激素降解受初始浓度影响显著，浓度高者具有较大的降解速率。雌激素降解速率随堆体内微生物活动发生改变，堆肥中期微生物活动最为活跃，雌激素降解速率高于堆肥前期和后期。对牛粪堆肥进行翻堆处理，增加了堆体内氧气含量，雌激素降解明显加快，翻堆有利于提高堆肥效果。而两日一翻和一日两翻堆肥中雌激素降解无明显差异，增加翻堆次数并不能显著提高堆肥效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of estrogen degradation in livestock manures during composting. Natural estrogens containing estriol (E3) and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), were detected in chicken, pig, and cow manures from farms in Nanjing. The synthetic estrogen, containing ethinyloestradiol (EE2) and bisphenol A (BPA), were also detected. Experimental composting of three livestock manures was conducted, and the concentrations of four estrogens were detected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 days, and 32 days. Cow manure, as a representative of all manures, was composted under different turning frequencies (i.e., never turned, turned once every two days, and turned twice every day) to study the impact of turning frequency on estrogen degradation. The results showed a high concentration of native estrogens detected in all three livestock manures. Chicken and cow manures contained synthetic estrogen. The EEQ values of estrogen in chicken, pig, and cow manures were 3 595.86, 268.84 μg·kg-1, and 1 207.12 μg·kg-1, respectively. A high contamination risk existed in all three livestock manures. The residual rates of EEQ in chicken, pig, and cow manures were 10.1%, 10.6%, and 0 after 32 d of composting, which showed that composting could significantly reduce the risk of estrogen contamination. The initial concentration of estrogen had a significant impact on their degradation when various estrogens were detected in livestock manures. The estrogen with the highest concentration degraded faster than other estrogens. Furthermore, estrogen degradation changed with microbial activity in the manure piles. Microbial activity was most active during the mid-stage of composting, and the degradation rate of estrogens was higher during this period than during the early and later stages. Turning the cow manure pile increased its oxygen content, which significantly accelerated estrogen degradation. Thus, turning the manure pile during composting was effective. However, there was little difference in rate of estrogen degradation between turning once every two days and turning twice per day, and the increase in turning frequency did not significantly influence manure composting. |
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