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| 辽河三角洲稻区两种合理氮肥推荐阈值的方法研究 |
| Optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate for single-cropping paddy rice in Liaohe Delta |
| 投稿时间：2019-03-06 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2019.0117 |
| 中文关键词: 氮肥，水稻，产量，氮素平衡，推荐阈值 |
| 英文关键词: nitrogen, paddy rice, yield, nitrogen balance, optimal nitrogen rate |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFD0200200，2017YFD0300700） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为研究辽河三角洲单季稻区合理氮肥投入阈值，于2012、2014、2016、2018年依托长期田间定位试验，借助不同的分析方法，即产量-效应曲线法和土壤氮素平衡法，研究不同施氮水平（纯氮0~420 kg·hm-2）对水稻产量、氮肥利用率以及土壤氮素平衡的影响。结果表明：采用产量-效应曲线法得出辽河三角洲地区的理论施氮量为217 kg·hm-2，采用土壤氮素平衡方法得出的理论施氮范围为221~235 kg·hm-2。当施氮量为210~260 kg·hm-2时，水稻产量（10 071~10 227 kg·hm-2）及氮肥利用率（36%~43%）均较高，施氮量超过260 kg·hm-2时，水稻氮肥利用率显著降低。综合考虑水稻产量、氮肥利用率以及土壤氮素平衡三个指标，目标产量超过10 000 kg·hm-2时，辽河三角洲地区氮肥施用推荐阈值为217~235 kg·hm-2。本研究得到的推荐氮肥用量比当地农民常规用量（270~300 kg·hm-2）降低了13%~28%，有效减少了氮素在土壤中的盈余与淋失风险，为该地区水稻减氮高产栽培提出了切实可依的理论依据。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The Liaohe Delta region, one of the main commodity grain production bases in northeast China, has better temperature and light conditions for paddy rice with higher yields and good taste. However, it is common for local farmers to use up to 270~300 kg N·hm-2 to increase rice grain yield. In the present study, the optimal nitrogen fertilizer application rate(ONR) in this area was determined based on a long-term field experiment with treatments comprising different nitrogen application rates(pure nitrogen 0~420 kg·hm-2) in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. Both yield-response curve and rice-soil nitrogen balance analysis methods were adopted to obtain the ONR. The results showed that ONR for rice planting in Liaohe Delta was determined to be 217 kg·hm-2 via the yield-response curve method and 221~235 kg·hm-2 based on the rice-soil nitrogen balance method. Moreover, the maximal nitrogen use efficiency varied from 36% to 43% with nitrogen application rates ranging from 210 kg·hm-2 to 260 kg·hm-2. Based on a combination of the factors affecting the nitrogen use efficiency of rice, rice target yield and rice-soil nitrogen balance, the ONR for rice planting in Liaohe Delta was finally determined to be 217~235 kg·hm-2, which was 13%~28% lower than the amount conventionally used by local farmers. This study provides a practical theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen surplus for rice planting in Liaohe Delta on the premise of guaranteeing grain yield of rice and is also helpful for reducing the risk of nitrogen leaching to both local soil and underground water. |
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