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| 农牧交错区农业资源利用与优化模式——以榆林市为例 |
| Utilization characteristics and optimization modes of agricultural resources in agro-pastoral ecotones of China： a case study of Yulin City |
| 投稿时间：2023-04-26 修订日期：2023-07-13 |
| DOI：10.13254/j.jare.2023.0267 |
| 中文关键词: 农业资源利用，农业可持续，农牧交错区，榆林市 |
| 英文关键词: agricultural resource utilization, sustainable agriculture, agro-pastoral ecotone, Yulin City |
| 基金项目:中国农业科学院科技创新工程 (2023-CAAS-CXGC-SRG); 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项 (农业农业部环境保护科研监测所); 国家自然科学基金项目 (42001264) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 受气候变化和粮食生产结构调整的影响，我国农牧交错区旱作农业规模不断扩大，其保障耕地安全与粮食安全的功能愈发突显，但在农业资源开发利用规模不断扩大的过程中，农牧交错区的资源超载风险与生态脆弱性备受关注。本研究以榆林市为例，运用重心模型、超效率SBM模型和时空分析等方法分析了近年来榆林市气候、耕地、水和种质等农业资源的利用现状、趋势以及面临的机遇和问题，提出农牧交错区农业资源优化利用模式。结果表明，气候变化背景下陕西省耕地重心及粮食生产重心北移趋势显著，1990—2019年间分别向北移动了38.40 km和72.51 km，榆林市农业资源开发利用与生产规模不断扩大；榆林市气候要素的整体变化趋势表现为平均气温和积温升高、降水量增加以及无霜期延长；榆林市耕地面积的变化呈现出先下降再上升最后相对稳定的特征，粮食种植结构发生转变，耕地利用强度和生产能力均有明显提升；榆林市水资源利用总量不断增加，2010—2020年的农业用水效率从0.414提升至1.039。研究提出市场导向型、资源整合型和生态休闲型三种不同的农业资源优化利用模式，分别适用于土地退化和人口流失严重的地区、具有一定资源基础或产业基础的农村地区以及城市近郊区等不同地域类型的农业发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Agriculture has been affected by climate change as well as infra structural changes in the process of grain production. Hence, the scale of dry farming in agro-pastoral ecotones of China has continued to increase, and its importance in ensuring farmland security and food security has become more prominent. However, the expansion of agricultural resource utilization has garnered considerable attention regarding the associated risk of resource overload and ecological vulnerability in agro-pastoral ecotones. This study considered Yulin City as an example and aimed to analyze the current status and trend of utilizing agricultural resources, such as climate, cultivated land, water, and germplasm, in recent years using methods such as center of gravity model, super-efficiency SBM model, and space-time analysis. The study also assessed the opportunities and associated problems, and identifies the optimal utilization mode of agricultural resources in agropastoral ecotones. The results showed that with ongoing climate change, the gravity center of cultivated land and grain production in Shaanxi Province witnessed a significant northward shift and moved northward between 1990 and 2019 by 38.40 km and 72.51 km, respectively. The scale of agricultural resource utilization and agricultural production in Yulin City has continued to expand in the last 30 years. The overall change in the trend of agricultural climate resources in Yulin City is conducive to agricultural production, which manifests as the increase of average temperature, accumulated temperature, precipitation, and frost-free period. Additionally, area under cultivation in Yulin City showed a trend of initial decline, subsequent increase, and final relative stability. Since 2000 the structure of grain plantation had changed, and the intensity of cultivated land use and production capacity increased significantly. The total amount of water resource utilization in Yulin City witnessed an increase, with an increase in the agricultural water use efficiency from 0.414 to 1.039 during 2010—2020. Here, we proposed three different modes of optimal utilization of agricultural resources: market-oriented, resourceintegrated, and ecological-leisure. These are suitable for areas with severe land degradation and decreasing population, rural areas with a certain resource base or industrial base, and urban suburban areas. |
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