皂角苷对红壤和黄褐土中Pb<sup>2+</sup>、Zn<sup>2+</sup>的解吸特征

常红; 李利芬; 黄丽

文章摘要

常红,李利芬,黄丽.皂角苷对红壤和黄褐土中Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺的解吸特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(1):93-100.

皂角苷对红壤和黄褐土中Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺的解吸特征

Desorption characteristics of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from red soil and yellow-cinnamon soil by saponin

投稿时间：2016-07-22

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-0948

中文关键词: 皂角苷 Pb²⁺ Zn²⁺ 红壤黄褐土解吸

英文关键词: saponin Pb²⁺ Zn²⁺ red soil yellow-cinnamon soil desorption

基金项目:教育部留学回国启动基金项目；公益性行业专项（201303101）

作者	单位	E-mail
常红	华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
李利芬	华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070
黄丽	华中农业大学农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室, 武汉 430070	daisyh@mail.hzau.edu.cn

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中文摘要:

以Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺污染的红壤和黄褐土为材料，以皂角苷为解吸剂，研究不同皂角苷浓度（0~20 g·L^-1）、pH （3~7）、解吸次数（1~3次）下土壤中重金属的解吸效果。结果表明，随着皂角苷浓度升高，其从土壤中解吸Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺的量增大；皂角苷溶液pH越高，对Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺的解吸率越低。皂角苷对土壤中Zn²⁺的解吸率明显高于Pb²⁺，红壤中Zn²⁺的解吸率最高可达47%，而黄褐土中Zn²⁺的解析率则为30%。单次解吸，红壤中含量降低最大的是酸溶态的Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺，分别为38%和34%；可氧化态Zn²⁺的含量下降较少，约为14%，但下降程度仍高于黄褐土。黄褐土中可还原态Pb²⁺的含量减少最多，达26%，且各形态的解吸量均显著低于红壤。皂角苷对供试红壤中Pb²⁺、Zn²⁺的解吸效果好于黄褐土，可能是红壤与黄褐土的矿物组成和表面电荷性质不同所致。加入皂角苷后，红壤的Zeta电位下降，黄褐土的升高，两种土壤的Zeta电位均向零趋近。

英文摘要:

Incubations of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in contaminated red and yellow-cinnamon soil were conducted to investigate the effect of saponin on desorption of heavy metals. Various factors such as concentration of adsorbent(0~20 g·L^-1), pH(3~7), extract times(1~3) were studied, the effect of saponins on Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ desorption was researched by Zeta potential analysis. Results showed that the desorption amounts of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ enhanced with the increasing of saponin concentration and were negative with the acidity of saponin solution in tested soils. Under the same condition, saponin could desorb more Zn²⁺ than Pb²⁺, the highest desorption rate of Zn²⁺ was 47%, and 30% in the red and yellow-cinnamon soil, respectively. After single desorption, acid soluble Pb²⁺(38%) and Zn²⁺(34%) decreased most in the red soil than in the yellow-cinnamon soil. The declined content of oxidable Zn²⁺ was relatively less(about 14%), but still higher than that in the yellow-cinnamon soil. The reduction of reducible Pb²⁺ was more than other forms of Pb²⁺ in yellow-cinnamon soil, about 26%. The desorption amounts of all forms of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were significantly lower in the yellow-cinnamon soil than those in the red soil. The desorption effects of Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺ by saponin were better in red soil than in yellow-cinnamon soil, these were mainly because of the differences of mineral composition and surface charge properties of the two soils.Compared with the red soil, the yellow-cinnamon soil had more constant charge minerals and less variable charge minerals. After adding saponin, the Zeta potential of the red soil decreased and that of the yellow-cinnamon soil increased, and the Zeta potentials of the two soils were generally close to zero.

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