| 李玥,巨晓棠.农田氧化亚氮减排的关键是合理施氮[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(4):842-851. |
| 农田氧化亚氮减排的关键是合理施氮 |
| Rational nitrogen application is the key to mitigate agricultural nitrous oxide emission |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0245 |
| 中文关键词: 合理施氮 N2O排放 施氮量 氮肥品种 施肥时期和方法 |
| 英文关键词: rational N fertilization N2O emission N rate N fertilizer type fertilization time and place |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目（41830751）；国际（地区）合作与交流项目[NSFC-RCN（中挪）]（31861133018） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农业源氧化亚氮（N2O）排放量占全球人为源总排放量的2/3，是最大的人为排放源，氮肥和有机肥的施用是其主要贡献者。合理施氮是获得较高目标产量、维持土壤氮肥力和降低因施氮引起环境污染风险的关键，在减少农田土壤N2O排放、缓解温室效应中起重要作用。本文基于合理施肥的“4R”（Right amount，Right type，Right time，Right place）理念和技术，论述了施氮量与N2O排放量之间的数量关系，肥料品种、施肥时期和方法对N2O减排的影响。强调了氮素投入超过作物需氮量后，N2O排放量会呈现指数型增长；将施氮量控制在合理范围对N2O减排的重要性。建议在不同土壤-气候-作物体系下，同时开展产量、品质，氨挥发、硝酸盐淋洗、N2O排放和土壤肥力的长期系统研究，不能顾此失彼；形成同类地区能够机械操作的规范化种植模式与合理施肥措施，包括与其他农艺措施的配合，如轮作与耕作、灌溉、有机肥和秸秆还田、磷钾肥和中微量元素管理等，以实现产量、品质、效益与环境效应相协调的可持续集约化作物生产目标。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Agriculture is the largest anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide(N2O), accounting for two-thirds of the total anthropogenic emissions, which is a consequence of using synthetic nitrogen(N)fertilizer and animal manure. Rational N fertilization is the key to get higher target yield, maintain soil N fertility and reduce the environmental pollution caused by N fertilization. It also plays an important role in reducing cropland N2O emissions and global warming. Based on the "4R" concept or technology(Right amount, Right type, Right time and Right place)of rational fertilization, we discuss the quantitative relationships between N rate and N2O emission, also the influence of fertilizer types, fertilization time and place on reducing N2O emission in this paper. We emphasize that there will be an exponential increase in N2O emission as the N rate exceeded crop demand and the importance of controlling the N rates within the rational N fertilization range for reducing N2O emission. Long-term systematic studies on yield, quality, ammonia(NH3) volatilization, N leaching, N2O emission and soil fertility need to be carried out under different soil-climate-crop systems to develop a standardized cropping system and rational fertilization management that could be mechanizing operation in similar areas, including the coordination with other agronomic practices, such as crop rotation and tillage, irrigation, organic manure and straw return, and management of phosphorus and potash fertilizer, medium and trace elements, which aims to achieve the goal of sustainable intensive crop production for considering yield, quality, economics and environmental effects. |
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