| 白光瑛,沈广爽,马海鲲,王孝莹,刘耀华,谷希树,阮维斌,MartijnBezemer.施用方式和土壤深度对昆虫病原线虫越冬的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(11):2162-2168. |
| 施用方式和土壤深度对昆虫病原线虫越冬的影响 |
| Effects of Application Approach and Soil Depth on Overwintering Persistence of Entomopathogenic Nematodes |
| 投稿时间：2015-06-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.11.018 |
| 中文关键词: 线虫悬液 虫尸剂 土壤深度 存活率 |
| 英文关键词: aqueous suspension nematode infected-cadavers soil depth survival |
| 基金项目:天津市自然基金重点项目(10JCZDJC7700);天津市成果转化项目(201001230);国家公益性行业(农业)科研执行"作物根蛆类害虫综合防治技术研究与示范"项目(2013203027) |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在田间试验条件下,利用孔径为25 μm的尼龙网袋,评价了两种线虫品系(噬菌性异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora和小卷娥斯式线虫Steinernema carpocapsae)、两种施用方式(感染线虫的昆虫尸体和线虫悬液)、两种土层深度(5 cm和15 cm)以及不同取样时间(2013年12月8日、2014年2月18日以及2014年4月14日)对昆虫病原线虫越冬情况的影响.试验结果表明,S. carpocapsae 较H. bacteriophora的低温抗性强,施用后4个月,无论是虫尸剂还是线虫悬液处理,品系S. carpocapsae的存活率均高于H. bacteriophora.另外,各处理组在15 cm深度处的线虫数量均大于5 cm深度处.随着时间的延续,线虫悬液组线虫数量下降迅速.虫尸剂组在前两次取样时几乎未释放线虫,但在次年4月中旬取样时发现,S. carpocapsae虫尸剂有侵染期线虫释放,其释放的线虫数量与S. carpocapsae悬液处理无显著差异.可见,虫尸剂有助于昆虫病原线虫越冬,但与线虫品系有关,采用虫尸剂有助于高效利用昆虫病原线虫防治有害昆虫. |
| 英文摘要: |
| Entomopathogenic nematodes(genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) are the most effective biological control agents, which is an alternative to chemical pesticides. These nematodes are widely used to control a variety of economically important insect pests, thus reducing pesticide residues in food and risk to the environment. However,the survival of entomopathogenic nematodes is a crucial limiting factor for a large scale application of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the overwintering persistence of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae in field condition by putting the nematodes inside 25 μm nylon bag. We analyzed the effects of three factors on the persistence of these two nematode strains. These factors included:①soil depth(5 cm vs 15 cm), ②nematode application methods(cadaver vs suspension) and ③sampling time(Dec. 8th 2013, Feb. 18th 2014, and April 14th 2014). Steinernema carpocapsae was more resistant to low soil temperature than H. bacteriophora, with higher survival rates for S. carpocapsae under both application methods after four months. The survival rates at 15 cm soil depth were higher than that at 5 cm depth, independent of application methods and nematode strains. At the first two sampling times(Dec.8th 2013, and Feb. 18th 2014), the nematode-infected cadavers did not release any infective juveniles. In mid-April, however, the cadavers released infective juveniles with no significant difference in total number of nematodes between two application methods. Our results indicate that using nematode infected cadavers to overcome the harsh winter might be an option for efficient application of this biological control agent. |
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