| 曹云,常志州,黄红英,徐跃定,吴华山.畜禽粪便堆肥前期理化及微生物性状研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(11):2198-2207. |
| 畜禽粪便堆肥前期理化及微生物性状研究 |
| Chemical and Biological Changes During Early Stage of Composting of Different Animal Wastes |
| 投稿时间：2015-05-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.11.023 |
| 中文关键词: 畜禽粪便 堆肥 纤维素降解菌 嗜热微生物 |
| 英文关键词: animal wastes composting cellulose-decomposting microorganism thermophilic microorganism |
| 基金项目:环境保护部水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-004);江苏省自然科学基金(SBK2015043629) |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 曹云 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心, 南京 210014 | | | 常志州 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心, 南京 210014 | czhizhou@hotmail.com | | 黄红英 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心, 南京 210014 | | | 徐跃定 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心, 南京 210014 | | | 吴华山 | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所, 江苏省农业废弃物资源化工程技术中心, 南京 210014 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 分别以鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪为原料进行堆肥试验,研究三种畜禽粪便堆肥启动期和高温期理化和可培养微生物数量及脱氢酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性等指标变化规律,为筛选合适的微生物菌剂维持堆肥高温提供理论依据.结果表明,将新鲜的鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪含水量调节到55%左右,堆肥温度在2 d内均可升至50 ℃以上, 并维持此温度的时间均超过5 d,达到堆肥无害化的卫生标准.堆肥前期,三种堆肥的细菌、真菌、放线菌、纤维素分解菌数量变化趋势相同,表现为嗜温性微生物数量先升高再降低;嗜热菌数量随温度上升而增加.牛粪堆肥中真菌、嗜热放线菌及纤维素分解菌的数量显著高于鸡粪和猪粪(P≤0.05).三种堆肥的脱氢酶活性先上升后下降;蛋白酶活性随堆肥温度的升高而上升;猪粪和牛粪堆肥纤维素酶活性呈波动上升趋势,鸡粪堆肥则呈先上升后下降趋势.三种堆肥的温度与嗜热纤维素分解菌数量呈显著正相关(P≤0.05). |
| 英文摘要: |
| Prolonging the thermophilic phase of composting is an effective measure to increase the efficiency of composting. It is necessary to elucidate factors determining persistent high temperature during composting. In this study, chemical properties, microbial populations and enzyme(dehydrogenase, protease and cellulase) activities were determined during the early stage of composting of poultry waste, pig manure, and dairy manure. Temperature in three piles increased to 50 ℃ within 2 d and remained above that for 5 d when the initial moisture content was adjusted to ~55%. The products met the national decontamination standard for animal feces. The populations of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetics and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms showed similar trends among three piles during composting. The mesophilic microbial population increased at the initial stage, but decreased at the thermophilic phase, while the thermophilic microbial population increased with increasing temperature. The populations of fungi, thermophilic actinomycetes and cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in the dairy manure compost were significantly greater than those in the poultry waste and pig manure compost(P≤0.05). Dehydrogenase activity in these three piles increased initially but declined thereafter, while the protease activity increased with increasing compost temperature. Cellulose activity fluctuated at begining and showed ascendant trend in pig and dairy manure composts, but declined later in the poultry wastes. The thermophilic cellulose-decomposing microorganism population was significantly positively correlated with temperature in the three piles during composting(P≤0.05). |
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