溢油分散剂处理平湖原油对海洋生物的急性毒性效应

沈新强; 蒋玫; 李磊

文章摘要

沈新强,蒋玫,李磊.溢油分散剂处理平湖原油对海洋生物的急性毒性效应[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(12):2272-2279.

溢油分散剂处理平湖原油对海洋生物的急性毒性效应

Acute Toxic Effects of Oil Dispersant-treated Pinghu Crude Oil on Marine Organisms

投稿时间：2015-06-08

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2015.12.004

中文关键词: 溢油分散剂平湖原油海洋生物毒性效应

英文关键词: oil dispersant Pinghu crude oil marine organism toxic effect

基金项目:农业部应对溢油关键技术专项(2012-2014),中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费专项(2014T06)

作者	单位
沈新强	中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 上海 200090
蒋玫	中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 上海 200090
李磊	中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 上海 200090

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中文摘要:

为了解溢油分散剂处理原油的海洋生物毒性效应,分别进行了溢油分散剂、平湖原油的水溶性组分(WAF)和溢油分散剂处理的平湖原油水溶性组分(DWAF)对黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)仔鱼和幼鱼、脊尾白虾(Palaemon carincauda)幼体以及缢蛏(Sinonovacula constrzcta)幼体的急性毒性效应实验。结果表明,溢油分散剂、WAF和DWAF与黑鲷仔鱼、黑鲷幼鱼、脊尾白虾和缢蛏幼体均存在极显着的剂量-效应关系。以96 h LC₅₀值为判别标准,溢油分散剂对黑鲷仔鱼、黑鲷幼鱼、脊尾白虾和缢蛏幼体的毒性效应大小依次为脊尾白虾幼体(57.55 mg·L^-1) >黑鲷仔鱼(136 mg·L^-1) >黑鲷幼鱼(261 mg·L^-1) >缢蛏幼体(397 mg·L^-1);WAF的毒性大小依次为黑鲷仔鱼(1.51 mg·L^-1) >脊尾白虾幼体(2.62 mg·L^-1) >黑鲷幼鱼(3.37 mg·L^-1) >缢蛏幼体(11.62 mg·L^-1);DWAF的毒性大小依次为黑鲷仔鱼(0.66 mg·L^-1) >脊尾白虾幼体(1.20 mg·L^-1) >黑鲷幼鱼(1.75 mg·L^-1) >缢蛏幼体(3.09 mg·L^-1).DWAF对海洋生物毒性大小的次序与WAF相同,但毒性效应显着增加。分析认为DWAF会增加溶入海水中的芳香族化合物的种类和含量,导致对海洋生物的毒性效应增加。

英文摘要:

Crude oil has been proven to be toxic to marine organisms. However, oil dispersants may have the secondary pollution. In this study, the acute toxic effects of oil dispersant,water accommodated fraction of Pinghu crude oil(WAF) and oil dispersant-treated WAF(DWAF) on larvae and juveniles of Acanthopagrus schlegelii, juveniles of Palaemon carincauda and juveniles of Sinonovacula constrzcta were examined. Oil dispersant, WAF, and DWAF all had very significant dose-effect relationship on all the tested organisms. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of oil dispersant for juvenile Palaemon C., larval Acanthopagrus S., juvenile Acanthopagrus S. and juvenile Sinonovacula C. were 57.55 mg·L^-1, 136 mg·L^-1, 261 mg·L^-1, and 397 mg·L^-1, respectively. The oil dispersant was the most toxic to juvenile Palaemon C. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of WAF for larvae of Acanthopagrus S., juvenile Palaemon C., juvenile Acanthopagrus S. and juvenile Sinonovacula C. were 1.51 mg·L^-1, 2.62 mg·L^-1, 3.37 mg·L^-1, and 11.62 mg·L^-1, respectively. The 96 h LC₅₀ values of DWAF for larvae of Acanthopagrus S., juvenile Palaemon C., juvenile Acanthopagrus S. and juvenile Sinonovacula C. were 0.66 mg·L^-1, 1.20 mg·L^-1, 1.75 mg·L^-1, and 3.09 mg·L^-1, respectively. The order of the 96 h LC₅₀ for four test organisms did not change between WAF and DWAF, but DWAF was more toxic than WAF. It suggests that crude oil treated by oil dispersant would increase its toxic effects on marine organisms by increasing the type and content of aromatic contaminants dissolved in seawater.

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