化肥配施生物炭对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险影响

冯轲; 田晓燕; 王莉霞; 欧洋; 阎百兴; 符雨

文章摘要

冯轲,田晓燕,王莉霞,欧洋,阎百兴,符雨.化肥配施生物炭对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2016,35(2):329-335.

化肥配施生物炭对稻田田面水氮磷流失风险影响

Influence of combined synthetic fertilizer and biochar applications on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface water of paddy field

投稿时间：2015-08-14

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016.02.017

中文关键词: 面源污染生物炭稻田水氮磷流失生态效益

英文关键词: non-point pollution biochar paddy field surface water nitrogen and phosphorus loss ecological benefits

基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理重大专项(2012ZX07201-004);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20140101157JC)

作者	单位	E-mail
冯轲	吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130012
田晓燕	吉林建筑大学市政与环境工程学院松辽流域水环境教育部重点实验室, 长春 130118
王莉霞	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130012	lxwang@iga.ac.cn
欧洋	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130012
阎百兴	中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室, 长春 130012
符雨	辽宁省阜新市环境保护局, 辽宁阜新 123000

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中文摘要:

在控制外源氮输入相同的前提下,通过大田试验研究生物炭部分替代化肥作为底肥,不同生物炭施用量(5、10、20 t·hm^-2)对水稻生长期内稻田田面水氮磷迁移转化特征的影响。研究结果表明:各处理的田面水总氮、硝氮、铵氮浓度在施肥后第3 d达到最高,然后迅速下降,并逐渐稳定;田面水总磷浓度在施肥后2耀4 d内增幅较小,而后迅速下降至稳定,施加生物炭对田面水总磷的影响不大;可溶性磷浓度在施肥后2耀4 d内处于平稳下降的状态,之后迅速下降至稳定。稻田施肥后10 d内是控制氮磷流失的最佳时段。采用生物炭代替部分化肥的施肥方式,在一定范围内能降低稻田田面水的氮磷浓度,稻田退水氮、磷的输出负荷分别减少了39%~50%和38%~50%,显著提高了水稻生态效益。通过综合效益评估可知,施加5 t生物炭代替化肥是综合效益最高的施肥方法,该施肥方式下氮、磷的年输出负荷分别为16.83、1.89 kg·hm^-2。

英文摘要:

Fertilization management is an effective measure for controlling non-point source pollution from paddy field. In this paper, nitrogen and phosphorus losses from the surface water of paddy field were investigated during rice growth season under the same inputs of exogenous nitrogen but partial replacement of synthetic fertilizer by different rates of biochar(5 t·hm^-2,10 t·hm^-2 and 20 t·hm^-2). Results showed that TN, NO₃^--N, and NH₄⁺-N concentrations in the surface water of paddy field reached a peak on the third day of fertilization, but decreased rapidly thereafter. TP concentrations showed slow increases 2~4 days after fertilization, but rapidly declined to a stable state after that. Applying biochar had little influence on total phosphorus(TP) in paddy field. Water-soluble phosphorus had the same trend as TP concentration. The critical period to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus loads should be within 10 days after fertilization. Application of biochar mitigated the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus outputs from paddy field water by 39%~50% and 38%~50%, respectively. Combined applications of synthetic fertilizer and biochar increased rice production slightly. Based on the recommended application rate of biochar(5 t·hm^-2), the annual nitrogen and phosphorus outputs would be 16.83 kg·hm^-2 and 1.89 kg·hm^-2, respectively.

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