| 王腾飞,谭长银,曹雪莹,欧阳达,聂军,王伯仁,何其辉,梁玉峰.长期施肥对土壤重金属积累和有效性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(2):257-263. |
| 长期施肥对土壤重金属积累和有效性的影响 |
| Effects of long-term fertilization on the accumulation and availability of heavy metals in soil |
| 投稿时间：2016-07-31 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-0986 |
| 中文关键词: 长期施肥 红壤 重金属积累 有效态 |
| 英文关键词: long-term fertilization red paddy accumulation of heavy metals availability |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划课题（2015BAD05B02）；农业部财政部农办财函[2016]6号；洞庭湖沉积物重金属污染环境效应（湖南省高校科技创新团队支持计划，2014）；湖南师范大学环境重金属污染机理及生态修复重点实验室 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 以红壤稻田和红壤旱地长期定位施肥试验土壤为材料，对长期施肥后土壤Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的含量及其有效性进行了研究，旨在为常规农业管理条件下农田重金属污染提供更多可靠及有用信息。结果表明：红壤稻田土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量分别为27.2~34.4、83.8~96.1、41.0~62.0 mg·kg-1，不同施肥处理土壤Cu、Zn、Pb含量均未超过土壤环境质量二级标准；土壤Cd含量为0.49~1.04 mg·kg-1，Cd含量均超过土壤环境二级标准。红壤旱地土壤Cu、Zn、Pb全量范围分别为34.6~88.3、79.4~173.7、56.7~81.1 mg·kg-1，其中施加有机肥处理的土壤Cu超过土壤环境二级标准，Cd为0.14~1.35 mg·kg-1，超标率为42.9%。通过红壤稻田和旱地各处理土壤Cd有效性比较，施用猪粪旱地（33.8%）高于稻田（23.9%），而施用化肥旱地土壤Cd有效性最高处理（NP 14.8%）低于稻田最低处理（NPK 31.2%）。从红壤稻田和红壤旱地长期施肥试验结果看出：长期施用化肥和稻草还田未见明显的重金属积累，但施用猪粪处理的土壤中Cd有显著积累。红壤稻田施用Ca肥可明显降低土壤Cd的有效性；施用猪粪在增加土壤Cd全量的同时，也提高了旱地红壤Cd的有效性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In this study, the accumulation and availability of copper(Cu), zinc(Zn), lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) in the paddy soils and upland red soils from a long-term fertilization experimental station were analyzed systematically. The purpose of this study was to provide reliable and useful information for heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils under routine agricultural management. According to the present results,the concentration range of Cu,Zn and Pb in red paddy soil of different fertilizer treatments did not exceed the secondary value of Chinese soil environmental quality standards, while the range of Cd level in different fertilization treatments ranged from 0.49 to 1.04 mg·kg-1,all of which were over the secondary value. In the upland soil, Cu(34.6~88.3 mg·kg-1),Zn(79.4~173.7 mg·kg-1) and Pb(56.7~81.1 mg·kg-1) concentrations were determined, Cu concentrations in the organic fertilizer treatment higher than the secondary value. Cd concentrations ranged from 0.14 to 1.35 mg·kg-1,exceeding standard rate was 42.9%. Cd bioavailability in the upland soil with pig manure was(33.8%) higher than that in the pig-manure amended paddy soil(23.9%),while the highest Cd bioavailability was determined in the upland soil with chemical fertilizers(NP 14.8%). Taken together, long-term application of chemical fertilizer and straw incorporation had no obvious effect on the accumulation of heavy metals in paddy and upland soils, and decreased Cd bioavailability was attained with Ca fertilization. However, significant Cd accumulation and a higher Cd bioavailability has occurred as a result of the incorporation of pig manure into soils. |
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