石油降解菌群的构建及其对混合烃的降解特性

范瑞娟; 郭书海; 李凤梅

文章摘要

范瑞娟,郭书海,李凤梅.石油降解菌群的构建及其对混合烃的降解特性[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(3):522-530.

石油降解菌群的构建及其对混合烃的降解特性

Construction of petroleum degrading bacteria consortium and its degradation properties of mixed hydrocarbons

投稿时间：2016-09-30

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2016-1266

中文关键词: 石油污染土壤条件优化生物修复微生物群落

英文关键词: petroleum contaminated soil optimal condition bioremediation microbial community

基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2013ZX07202-007）；宁夏高等学校科研项目（NGY2016153）；北方民族大学重点科研项目（2015KJ34）；北方民族大学科研项目（2016skky07）

作者	单位
范瑞娟	北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院, 银川 750021
郭书海	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016
李凤梅	中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016

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中文摘要:

经富集、分离、纯化，并经选择性培养基的筛选和对总石油烃（TPH）降解能力的测试，从大庆油田石油污染土壤中获得6株分别具有环烷烃、直链烷烃和芳烃降解能力的菌株B₁、B₂、B₃、B₆、B₇和B₉。经16S rRNA基因序列比对，菌株B₁、B₂、B₆和B₇分别属于嗜氢菌属（Hydrogenophaga sp.）、苯基杆菌属（Phenylobacterium sp.）、鞘脂菌属（Sphingobium sp.）和芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus sp.），B₃和B₉属于节杆菌属（Arthrobacter sp.）。通过对接种比例、接种量和生长条件的优化，构建了微生物降解菌群，并采用该菌群进行混合烃污染土壤的修复。结果表明，该菌群对三类烃的去除均具有明显的促进作用。经过40 d的修复，环十二烷去除率达74.5%；100 d后，正十六烷和芘的去除率分别达56.9%和60.4%。前10 d修复过程中，各污染物降解速率最大，之后则逐渐降低，与土壤微生物多样性、数量以及活性的变化趋势相似。

英文摘要:

After enrichment, separation, purification, screening by selective medium, and testing by degradation ability of the total petroleum hydrocarbon(TPH), 6 strains(B₁, B₂, B₃, B₆, B₇ and B₉) with cyclanes, alkanes, and aromatics degradation ability were obtained. Based on the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene, B₁, B₂, B₆ and B₇ were identified as Hydrogenophaga sp., Phenylobacterium sp., Sphingobium sp. and Bacillus sp., respectively; B₃ and B₉ were identified as Arthrobacter sp.. A microbial degradation flora was constructed through the optimization of the inoculum proportion, size, and growth conditions. The degradation flora was then used in the remediation of mixed hydrocarbon-contaminated soil, the results demonstrated an obvious effect of the flora in the degradation of three kinds of hydrocarbons. After 40 d of remediation, the degradation extent of cyclododecane can be reach to 74.5%; and after 100 d, the degradation extents of n-hexadecane and pyrene reached to 56.9% and 60.4%, respectively. There was a significant decrease of pollutants during the first 10 d, and the removal efficiency was reduced along with the experiment, showed a similar variation tendency with microbial diversity, quantity and activity in soil.

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