| 侯朋福,薛利祥,俞映倞,江瑜,汪吉东,薛利红,杨林章.稻田径流易发期不同类型肥料的氮素流失风险[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(7):1353-1361. |
| 稻田径流易发期不同类型肥料的氮素流失风险 |
| Nitrogen loss risk of paddy field under different fertilizations in runoff prone period |
| 投稿时间：2017-05-12 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0695 |
| 中文关键词: 稻田 径流 易发期 肥料类型 氮素流失 |
| 英文关键词: paddy field runoff prone period fertilizer type nitrogen loss |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201503106）；国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（41601319）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0300100） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 依据60年典型自然降雨资料分析了太湖地区稻田径流易发期，结合不同肥料减量运筹长期定位试验（2009年开始）近3年的径流监测数据，比较了径流易发期内不同处理的实际径流氮素控制效果。结果表明，太湖地区水稻生长前期降雨概率较大，6月21日-7月6日单日降雨概率均超过50%。从阶段统计结果来看，基肥期和蘖肥期（含基肥-蘖肥阶段）降雨概率和降雨量均明显高于穗肥期、蘖肥-穗肥阶段和穗肥后至成熟阶段，降雨概率分别达48.15%和49.81%，降雨量分别为12.81 mm和12.84 mm，均超过实际监测到径流的同期最低降雨量11.5 mm，产生径流可能性较大，是稻季径流易发期。从定位试验的实际产生径流和田面水氮素浓度结果来看，易发期径流和田面水氮素以铵态氮为主，硝态氮差异不显著。与常规用量分次施肥处理（CN）相比，化肥减量优化处理（RF）和有机无机减量配施处理（OCN）径流易发期径流氮素浓度分别较CN处理平均降低8.83%和19.18%。缓控释肥减量替代处理（SCU）的基肥期和基肥-蘖肥阶段径流氮素浓度和田面水氮素浓度明显高于其他处理，径流氮素浓度较CN处理分别增加了20.3%和11.72%，但蘖肥期径流氮素浓度减少30.72%。全有机肥减量替代处理（OF）肥期径流和田面水氮素浓度降低，其中基肥期径流氮素浓度较CN处理降低9.04%、蘖肥期降低28.53%，但基肥-蘖肥阶段氮素浓度较CN处理增加了19.7%，增加了氮素径流损失风险。不同氮肥减量措施能够降低易发期内不同阶段径流氮素浓度，但在径流易发期的径流氮素损失控制效果不能一概而论。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The runoff prone period of paddy field in Taihu Lake region was analyzed according to the typical natural rainfall data of 60 years in this study.Then,the actual runoff nitrogen control effect from paddy field in runoff prone period of different fertilization reduction treatment were compared using the runoff monitoring data in recent 3 years of a long-term fertilization reduction experiment that initiated in 2009.The results showed that,the rainfall probability was larger in early rice growth stage in Taihu Lake region and daily rainfall probability between June 21st and July 6th were more than 50%.The rainfall probability of basal fertilization stage and tillering fertilization stage were 48.15% and 49.81%,respectively,obviously higher than other stages.The mean precipitation of these two stages were 12.81 mm and 12.84 mm,both exceed the minimum rainfall for runoff (11.5 mm),implying high probability for paddy runoff in these two periods.The nitrogen in runoff water and surface water in the runoff prone period were mainly ammonium nitrogen as the long-term experiment study indicated.Compared with conventional nitrogen rate nitrogen rate (CN) treatment,the nitrogen concentrations of reduced nitrogen rate treatment (RF) and organic combined with chemical nitrogen treatment (OCN) were decreased 8.83% and 19.18%,respectively.The nitrogen concentrations in runoff water and surface water of sulfur coating urea treatment (SCU) in basal fertilization and basal fertilization-tillering fertilization stage were higher than those of other treatments,which increased 20.3% and 11.72% respectively incomparasion with CN treatment.The nitrogen concentration in runoff water of organic fertilizer treatment (OF) decreased 9.04% and 28.53% in basal fertilization and tillering fertilization stage,respectively,but increased 19.7% in tillering fertilization-panicle fertilization stage compared with CN treatment,which increased the risk of runoff nitrogen loss.The nitrogen reduction measures referred in this study can reduce the runoff water nitrogen concentrations in the runoff prone period of paddy field,but the effect on nitrogen loss control in the runoff prone period are different. |
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