| 石慧,白翠华,周昌敏,罗东林,姚丽贤.施用猪粪土壤中抗生素的降解、植物有效性及土壤酶活性变化[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(10):2039-2047. |
| 施用猪粪土壤中抗生素的降解、植物有效性及土壤酶活性变化 |
| Degradation and phytoavailability of antibiotics in soils amended with pig manure and changes of soil enzyme activity |
| 投稿时间：2017-03-14 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-0358 |
| 中文关键词: 粪肥 抗生素 土壤 荔枝 植物有效性 |
| 英文关键词: animal manure antibiotics soil litchi phytoavailability |
| 基金项目:国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS33-08）；广东省省级科技计划项目（2014A020208095） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在土壤中添加不同用量（0、1%、2%和4%）猪粪进行土壤培养和荔枝盆栽试验，研究来自猪粪的抗生素（金霉素、强力霉素）在土壤360 d内的降解动态和土壤酶活性的变化，并探讨不同时间（153 d和210 d）收获的荔枝植株吸收两种抗生素能力变化。结果表明：施用猪粪显著提高土壤两种抗生素含量（P<0.05），金霉素和强力霉素在土壤中的半衰期分别为26.84 d和58.89 d；施入猪粪可提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。当猪粪施用量为1%和2%时，土壤3种酶活性与金霉素和强力霉素含量为显著正相关（P<0.05）。随荔枝生长时间延长，植株金霉素含量显著提高，但与猪粪用量关系不大；植株强力霉素含量随猪粪用量增加而显著提高，但随荔枝生长被生物量稀释而下降。金霉素在植株体内向上转移能力较强（转移系数0.595~0.789），强力霉素则很弱（转移系数<0.01）。收获荔枝植株后，根际土壤两种抗生素的累积也与猪粪用量正相关。荔枝为多年生果树，如长期连续大量施用此类禽畜粪肥，可能造成抗生素在果园土壤的累积，荔枝果实存在吸收抗生素、尤其是金霉素的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| A soil incubation and a pot culture experiment using litchi plants(Litchi chinensis Sonn.) were conducted using soils amended with various rates(0, 1%, 2%, and 4%, W/W) of pig manure from an intensive animal farm, to investigate degradation of antibiotics(chlortetracycline and doxycycline) and changes of soil enzyme activity within 360 d, and examine uptake of antibiotics from pig manure by litchi plants at different harvest times(153 d and 210 d). The concentrations of both antibiotics in soils were significantly increased by application of pig manure(P<0.05). The half-lives of chlortetracycline and doxycycline were 26.84 d and 58.89 d, respectively. Application of pig manure enhanced the activities of soil catalase, urease, and acid phosphatase. Moreover, the activities of the three enzymes were positively correlated to the concentrations of soil chlortetracycline and doxycycline when pig manure was applied at a rate of 1% or 2%(P<0.05). Litchi plants absorbed both antibiotics. With prolonged growth time, chlortetracycline concentration in plant significantly increased, but was not related to the level of pig manure used. The doxycycline concentration in the plants significantly increased as the manure level increased, but was diluted by the litchi biomass. Chlortetracycline was easily translocated upward, with the transfer factor of 0.595~0.789; how ever, translocation of doxycycline was limited, with a transfer factor less than 0.01. After the harvest of litchi plants, the concentration of both antibiotics in rhizosphere soil was significantly increased by an increased rate of manure application. Because litchi is a perennial woody fruit tree, successive and extensive use of animal manure would result in accumulation of antibiotics from the manure in the soil, potentially leading to absorption of antibiotics, particularly chlortetracycline, by the edible litchi fruit. |
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