土壤微塑料污染及生态效应研究进展

任欣伟; 唐景春; 于宸; 何娟

文章摘要

任欣伟,唐景春,于宸,何娟.土壤微塑料污染及生态效应研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(6):1045-1058.

土壤微塑料污染及生态效应研究进展

Advances in research on the ecological effects of microplastic pollution on soil ecosystems

投稿时间：2017-10-17

DOI：10.11654/jaes.2017-1409

中文关键词: 微塑料污染吸附分离与检测土壤生态系统物质循环土壤动物

英文关键词: microplastic pollution adsorption separation and detection soil ecosystem material circulation soil fauna

基金项目:天津市科技计划项目（16JCTPJC51100，17PTGCCX00240）；国家自然科学基金项目（41473070）；国家科技重大专项水专项子课题（2015ZX07203-011-06）；高等学校学科创新引智计划（111计划）项目（T2017002）

作者	单位	E-mail
任欣伟	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300071
唐景春	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300071 环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室, 天津 300071 天津市城市环境污染诊断与修复工程技术中心, 天津 300071	tangjch@nankai.edu.cn
于宸	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300071
何娟	南开大学环境科学与工程学院, 天津 300071

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中文摘要:

微塑料作为一种新型环境污染物，对土壤生态系统构成严重威胁。当前对微塑料的研究多集中于水域生态系统，而对土壤生态系统的影响研究较少。本文综述了土壤微塑料的分类及来源，分离、检测方法及存在问题，总结了土壤微塑料的污染和微塑料对污染物的吸附效应及机理，分析了其对土壤动物、微生物生态及碳、氮等物质循环的影响，最后针对微塑料的生态效应提出展望，为今后土壤微塑料的研究提供了新的思路。

英文摘要:

Microplastics are a new type of environmental pollutants characterized by their small particle size(<5 mm), wide distribution, and resistance to recovery. Owing to their long residue time in soil, microplastics can be accidentally ingested by soil fauna and, thereby, enter the food chain, which can subsequently influence the growth, development, and reproduction of soil fauna by damaging the organisms' organs and DNA. The toxins released during microplastic degradation and the absorption of environmental pollutants by microplastics also threaten soil ecosystems. Primary microplastics are derived from the raw material used for plastic production, whereas secondary microplastics result from the environmental degradation of large plastic products. As microplastics come from many sources, exist in many types, and are found in complex environments, they are difficult to be separated or detected. Recent studies have mainly focused on aquatic ecosystems and have rarely investigated the effects of microplastics on soil ecosystems. However, the plastic materials used in production and manufacturing are abundant, in both quantity and form, and some of these are released into soil systems. This review summarizes the classification, sources, sampling, and detection of microplastics, as well as related environmental problems, such as soil pollution, pollutant absorption, and effects on soil fauna, microbial ecology, and carbon and nitrogen circulation. The discussion of the ecological effects of microplastics could stimulate new ideas for future research.

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