| 陈思奇,牛明芬,黄斌.尾菜发酵液对设施土壤硝氮积累和蔬菜生长的调控研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(11):2467-2474. |
| 尾菜发酵液对设施土壤硝氮积累和蔬菜生长的调控研究 |
| Application of vegetable waste fermentation broth for regulating nitrate accumulation and vegetable growth in greenhouse soil |
| 投稿时间：2018-07-09 修订日期：2018-09-27 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2018-0888 |
| 中文关键词: 设施土壤 发酵 水溶性有机碳 硝酸盐 矿质养分 |
| 英文关键词: greenhouse soil fermentation water soluble organic carbon nitrate mineral nutrients |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800402） |
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| 摘要点击次数: 1879 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了降低设施土壤硝氮调控成本并拓宽尾菜利用方式，大棚环境（15~30℃）下厌氧发酵（水解酸化）处理大白菜尾菜（水菜比2.4∶1），转化其有机组分为水溶性有机碳（SOC），活化矿质养分，用于调控设施土壤硝氮积累和蔬菜生长。研究发现，尾莱发酵5 d后pH < 5.0，18 d后添加氧化镁短时间提高pH至5.0以上可以促进SOC形成。发酵30 d后趋于稳定，发酵液中SOC含量10.0g·kg-1化学需氧量（COD）左右，C/N > 40，并含有适量的速效矿质养分。高硝土壤还原处理模拟试验中，发酵液SOC脱硝能力强，只比白糖低11.7%。盆栽生菜试验中，在生菜生长早期和中期土壤水分短时间饱和情况下各添加1次发酵液，低剂量发酵液SOC（90~180 mg·kg-1COD）促进低硝土壤硝氮累积少量增加，中剂量发酵液SOC（360~720 mg·kg-1COD）显著削减中硝土壤硝氮积累（14.6%~33.3%），但两种剂量均能促进蔬菜增产（4.8%~14.1%），降低其硝氮含量（6.8%~33.2%）。厌氧发酵处理尾菜控制要求低，但可同步利用其有机和矿质组分用于调控设施土壤硝氮积累和蔬菜生长，改善环境质量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to reduce the cost of nitrate accumulation control in greenhouse soil and broaden the utilization approach of vegetable waste, cabbage waste was fermented (at a ratio of 1:2.4 relative to water)under greenhouse conditions (15~30℃)in order to transform its organic components into water soluble carbon (SOC)and mobilize its mineral nutrients for regulating nitrate accumulation and vegetable growth in greenhouse soil. Results show that the pH was lowered to below 5.0 after 5 days of fermentation. The addition of magnesium oxide on day 18 increased the pH to just above 5.0 and promoted SOC formation. The fermentation stabilized after 30 days of treatment, with the fermentation broth SOC content around 10.0 g·kg-1 chemical oxygen demand (COD)and its C/N ratio above 40. SOC from the fermentation broth was very effective for nitrate removal through denitrification in a high-nitrate (502.0 mg·kg-1 N)greenhouse soil under anoxic incubation, with its nitrate removal effectiveness only 11.7% lower than that of sucrose. In the pot experiment using low-nitrate (49.9 mg·kg-1 N) and moderate-nitrate (164.3 mg·kg-1 N)greenhouse soils planted with lettuce, the two soils were both temporally saturated after two additions of diluted fermentation broth (in the early and middle growth periods). Low-dose application of fermentation broth with SOC at 90~180 mg·kg-1 COD slightly promoted nitrate accumulation in the low-nitrate soil, and moderate-dose application of fermentation broth with SOC at 360~720 mg·kg-1 COD significantly lowered nitrate accumulation (14.6%~33.2%)in the moderate-nitrate soil, but both increased the lettuce yield (4.8%~14.1%)and reduced the nitrate content (6.8%~33.2%). The fermentation treatment of vegetable waste with low control requirements can simultaneously utilize organic and mineral components of vegetable waste to regulate nitrate accumulation and vegetable growth in greenhouse soil and can improve the environmental quality of facility agriculture. |
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