| 徐嘉翼,牛世伟,隋世江,张鑫,叶鑫,蔡广兴,王娜.聚天门冬氨酸/盐对水稻田面水氮素变化及养分利用的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2019,38(8):1696-1703. |
| 聚天门冬氨酸/盐对水稻田面水氮素变化及养分利用的影响 |
| Effects of polyaspartic-acid/salt on nitrogen loss from paddy surface water and nutrients utilization |
| 投稿时间：2019-03-05 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-0229 |
| 中文关键词: 聚天门冬氨酸/盐(PASP) 水稻 田面水氮 养分利用 |
| 英文关键词: polyaspartic-acid/salt (PASP) paddy rice nitrogen of paddy surface water nutrient utilization |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0800506）；中央引导地方科技发展专项（2019416031） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究聚天门冬氨酸/盐（PASP）对稻田氮素流失及水稻养分利用的调控作用，本研究以普通聚天门冬氨酸钙/锌盐和改性聚天门冬氨酸钙/锌盐为供试材料，在干旱棚条件下，通过水稻桶栽试验研究了PASP对水稻田面水氮浓度变化和水稻生长、氮磷钾养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明，与常规尿素对照处理相比，各聚天门冬氨酸/盐处理降低了田面水氮素浓度，尤其在施肥后第3 d和第5 d，铵态氮和硝态氮浓度显著降低了16.8%~44.7%和20.4%~42.8%。聚天门冬氨酸/盐的施用有利于水稻生长及产量提高，水稻株高、有效穗数、秸秆产量和籽粒产量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收量均表现出增加趋势，其中改性聚天门冬氨酸钙盐处理显著增加了水稻株高（12.0%）、有效穗数（13.8%）、秸秆产量（9.26%）及籽粒氮含量（8.32%），氮肥表观利用率提高了8.4%，但差异不显著。聚天门冬氨酸/盐处理土壤氮含量也有所增加，尤其是NH4+-N含量显著增加，但土壤有效磷和速效钾含量受影响不大。综合水稻产量、养分吸收利用以及田面水氮素流失风险，改性聚天门冬氨酸/盐处理效果优于普通聚天门冬氨酸/盐，且改性聚天门冬氨酸钙盐处理最好。田间应用效果有待进一步验证。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To investigate the effects of polyaspartic-acid/salt (PASP) on paddy nitrogen (N) loss and nutrients utilization, PASP-Ca/Zn and modified PASP-Ca/Zn were used for pot experiments conducted in a rainproof tank. We evaluated the impacts of PASP on N concentrations in surface water, rice growth and its N, P, K uptake, and soil nutrients. The results showed that PASP treatments decreased NH4+-N, NO3--N, and TN concentrations of surface water, with 16.8%~44.7% lower NH4+-N and 20.4%~42.8% lower NO3--N in PASP than the control in day 3 d and 5 d after fertilization, respectively. Addition of PASP promoted rice growth and yield; modified PASP-Ca/Zn significantly increased rice height (12.0%), productive tillers (13.8%), straw yield (9.26%), and grain N concentration (8.32%), with 8.4% higher N use efficiency. NH4+-N concentrations in paddy soil were significantly increased by 28.4%~62.2% in PASP treatments compared to the control, whereas no significant difference in soil available P and K was observed. Considering rice yield, nutrients utilization, and N loss risk of surface water, modified PASP-Ca/Zn was more effective than PASP-Ca/Zn. In this study, modified PASP-Ca treatment was evaluated to be the best, with grain yield 9.21% greater and NH4+-N of the surface water 44.7% lower than the control. However, PASP application effects need to be verified further by field experiments. |
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