| 罗舒文,甄珍,李文清,张伟健,吴伟健,任磊,蔺中.两种生态型蚯蚓对四环素污染土壤中酶活性和细菌群落结构的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(2):321-330. |
| 两种生态型蚯蚓对四环素污染土壤中酶活性和细菌群落结构的影响 |
| Ecological effects of two earthworms on the enzymic activity and bacterial community structure in tetracycline-contaminated soil |
| 投稿时间：2019-07-23 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-0815 |
| 中文关键词: 土壤 蚯蚓 四环素 酶活性 |
| 英文关键词: soil earthworm tetracycline enzyme activity |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41977125，41907033，31800109）；广东省自然科学基金项目（2019A1515011948，2018A030313131，2018A030307054，2016A030310330）；广东海洋大学2017年"海之帆-起航计划"大学生科技创新培育项目（qhjh2017zr03） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 土壤酶和微生物可参与土壤中诸多复杂生物化学过程，是指示土壤自净能力和土壤肥力的关键生物学指标。本试验以赤子爱胜蚓（表层种）和壮伟环毛蚓（内层种）为工程生物，研究两种不同生态习性的蚯蚓在不同时间段（0、10、20、30 d和40 d）对四环素污染土壤酶活性的影响，以期明确蚯蚓对四环素污染土壤的自净能力和土壤肥力的影响程度。利用冗余分析明确蚯蚓通过改变何种环境因子影响四环素污染土壤的酶活性，利用高通量测序分析蚯蚓对四环素污染土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果显示，试验结束时（40 d），添加蚯蚓的土壤中蔗糖酶（2.15~4.98 mg·g-1·d-1）、脲酶（0.55~1.70 mg·g-1·d-1）、过氧化氢酶（0.54~1.08 mL·g-1·20 min-1）和脱氢酶活性（0.78~5.14 μg·g-1·d-1），显著高于自然土壤（3.24 mg·g-1·d-1、0.66 mg·g-1·d-1、0.89 mL·g-1·20 min-1和2.03 μg·g-1·d-1）和灭菌土壤（0.70 mg·g-1·d-1、0.23 mg·g-1·d-1、0.24 mL·g-1·20 min-1和0.21 μg·g-1·d-1），但添加蚯蚓中酸性磷酸酶活性（0.02~0.15 mg·g-1·d-1）显著低于自然土壤（0.17 mg·g-1·d-1）和灭菌土壤（0.04 mg·g-1·d-1）。添加蚯蚓显著改变了土壤原有的细菌群落结构，提高了四环素污染土壤中的变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）的微生物群落丰度，降低了绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和芽单胞菌门（Gemmatimonadetes）中的微生物群落丰度。冗余分析表明，两种生态型蚯蚓主要通过影响土壤pH值、有机质、胡敏酸和胡敏素等环境因子，提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性，抑制土壤酸性磷酸酶活性。赤子爱胜蚓对土壤蔗糖酶促进作用显著优于壮伟环毛蚓，而壮伟环毛蚓对脲酶和过氧化氢酶的促进作用优于赤子爱胜蚓。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Soil enzymes and microorganisms can catalyze biochemical reactions in the soil, and are often selected as key indicators of the self-purification ability of the soil and soil fertility. Two earthworms(epigeic Eisenia foetida and endogeic Amynthas robustus)were selected to investigate their ecological effects on soil enzymic activities in tetracycline-contaminated soil. Redundancy analysis was used to determine which environmental factors were more influential on enzymic activity and high-throughput sequencing was used to detect bacterial community structure. The results showed that the activities of invertase(2.15~4.98 mg·g-1·d-1), urease(0.55~1.70 mg·g-1·d-1), catalase (0.54~1.08 mL·g-1·20 min-1), and dehydrogenase(0.78~5.14 μg·g-1·d-1)in earthworm treatments were significantly higher than that in the natural control(3.24 mg·g-1·d-1, 0.66 mg·g-1·d-1, 0.89 mL·g-1·20 min-1, and 2.03 μg·g-1·d-1, respectively)and the sterilized control (0.70 mg·g-1·d-1, 0.23 mg·g-1·d-1, 0.24 mL·g-1·20 min-1, and 0.21 μg·g-1·d-1, respectively). However, acid phosphatase activity in earthworm treatments were lower than that in the natural control(0.17 mg·g-1·d-1)and sterilized control(0.04 mg·g-1·d-1). Earthworms could stimulate Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes, whereas they inhibited Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes at the phylum level. Redundancy analysis indicated that the two ecological earthworms enhanced the activity of invertase, urease, catalase, and dehydrogenase, and inhibited acid phosphatase activity primarily through influencing soil pH, organic matter, humic acid, and humin. Specifically, epigeic Eisenia foetida stimulated sucrase activity than endogeic Amynthas robustus, whereas Amynthas robustus enhanced urease and catalase activities. |
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