| 沙亚东,蒋桢芸,苏冬云,周德生,张军,袁涛,申哲民.微生物降解土工布袋内有机磷农药动力学研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(3):621-627. |
| 微生物降解土工布袋内有机磷农药动力学研究 |
| Kinetic study on the degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by microorganisms in geotextile bags |
| 投稿时间：2019-10-14 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2019-1128 |
| 中文关键词: 有机磷农药 底泥 好氧菌 厌氧菌 土工布袋 降解动力学 量化参数 |
| 英文关键词: organophosphorus pesticide sediment aerobic bacteria anaerobic bacteria geotextile bags degradation kinetics quantum chemical parameter |
| 基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07202005-005） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究微生物对土工布袋内底泥中有机磷农药（Organophosphorus pesticides，OPs）降解速率的影响，采用两类微生物混合菌剂：好氧菌群（不动杆菌属、芽孢杆菌属、酵母菌属）和厌氧菌群（产甲烷菌属、假单胞菌属、乳酸菌属），对土工布袋内的含有4种OPs的污染底泥进行降解试验研究。结果表明：污染底泥在土工布袋内的脱水效果显著，25 d后含水率分别降至3.81%（好氧菌群）和2.93%（厌氧菌群）。马拉硫磷、喹硫磷、二嗪磷和乐果在好氧菌群的作用下降解率分别为93.17%、93.78%、60.91%和78.11%，在厌氧菌群的作用下降解率分别为96.64%、92.13%、61.50%和83.34%。两类菌群对有机磷农药的降解过程均符合一级动力学方程，喹硫磷、二嗪磷和乐果的半衰期明显缩短至6.27、17.64、10.16 d（好氧菌群）和7.39、17.29、9.79 d（厌氧菌群）。4种OPs的量子化学参数为分子的最低空轨道能（ELUMO）、分子的最高占据轨道能（EHOMO）和两者的差值EGAP（EGAP=ELUMO-EHOMO），其计算结果提示，量子化学参数可能有助于从分子结构角度解释OPs在土工布袋内被微生物降解的难易程度。研究表明，好氧菌群和厌氧菌群对土工布袋内的OPs具有良好的降解效果。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to better understand how microorganisms affect the degradation rate of organophosphorus pesticides(OPs)in sediment in geotextile bags, we used two types of mixed microbial agents in this study, namely aerobic bacteria(i.e., Acinetobacter, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces)and anaerobic bacteria(i.e., Methanogenium, Pseudomonas, and Lactobacillus), to degrade OP-contaminated sediment in geotextile bags. The results showed that there was a clear effect on the dewatering of contaminated sediment in the geotextile bags. The water content decreased to 3.81%(aerobic flora)and 2.93%(anaerobic flora)after 25 d. The degradation rates of malathion, quetiapine, diazinon, and dimethoate were 93.17%, 93.78%, 60.91%, and 78.11%, respectively, under the influence of aerobic bacteria, while the degradation rates affected by anaerobic bacteria were 96.64%, 92.13%, 61.50%, and 83.34%, respectively. The degradation kinetics of OPs fit very well with the first-order kinetics models as the half-lives of quetiapine, diazinon, and dimethoate were shortened to 6.27 d, 17.64 d, and 10.16 d in aerobic flora and 7.39 d, 17.29 d, and 9.79 d in anaerobic flora, respectively. Through the calculation of the quantum chemical parameters ELUMO, EHOMO, and EGAP of the four OPs, the results showed that quantum chemical parameters may help to explain the degree of difficulty for microorganisms to degrade OPs in geotextile bags in terms of their molecular structure. This study not only verified that OPs can be effectively degraded by microorganisms in geotextile bags, but also provided a suggestion for a recycling method of contaminated sediment that makes use of geotextile bags. |
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