| 张国,王效科.我国保护性耕作对农田温室气体排放影响研究进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(4):872-881. |
| 我国保护性耕作对农田温室气体排放影响研究进展 |
| Impacts of conservation tillage on greenhouse gas emissions from cropland in China: A review |
| 投稿时间：2020-01-30 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0102 |
| 中文关键词: 二氧化碳 土壤固碳 甲烷 秸秆还田 免耕 全球增温潜势 氧化亚氮 |
| 英文关键词: carbon dioxide emission soil carbon sequestration methane emission straw retention no-till global warming potential nitrous oxide emission |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0507303）；贵州省科技厅项目（黔科合联合[2017]7372号）;贵州师范大学博士科研启动资金项目（11904/0517058） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 农业生产过程是大气温室气体（Greenhouse gas，GHG）一个重要的排放源。20世纪30年代以来，为了防止土壤侵蚀和沙尘暴，许多国家和地区发展并推广了保护性耕作（简称保耕）。近年来，越来越多的研究开始关注保耕对土壤GHG排放和固碳的影响。本文综述了我国近期发表的文章，重点分析了我国保耕措施对农田GHG （CO2、CH4、N2O）排放、固碳以及综合全球增温潜势的影响。结果表明：保耕措施中秸秆还田能促进土壤呼吸，如果将秸秆制成生物炭则对CO2排放影响很小，免耕能减少土壤呼吸；水稻田秸秆还田促进了CH4的排放，提高程度从10%~400%，并随着还田量和年限增加而增加，大部分研究也表明水稻田采用免耕降低了CH4排放；秸秆还田和免耕对土壤N2O排放具有复杂影响，与还田的秸秆量及其碳氮比、还田方式、气候条件和土壤环境等有关；秸秆还田提高了土壤有机碳含量，而免耕更多是改变了有机碳分布，使更多有机碳聚集于土壤表层；分析评价全球增温潜势时，如果考虑固碳作用，保耕措施将能减少GHG排放甚至使农田转变成碳汇。因此，保耕对全球增温潜势的影响评估应该考虑土壤固碳作用，推广保耕整套技术体系应因地制宜，同时与其他推荐措施相结合，从而实现生态效益和经济效益的双赢。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Crop production is one important source of greenhouse gas(GHG)in the world. Conservation tillage(CT), as effective practices to prevent soil erosion and dust storm, recently has been paid attention because of its contribution to soil GHG emission and carbon sequestration(SCS). We reviewed some newly published paper reporting the impacts of CT on emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, SCS and their global warming potential(GWP)in China. The results showed:straw retention increased CO2 emission but the application of biochar made from straw did not. No-till generally decreased soil respiration. CH4 emission was increased by 10%~400% when straw returned in rice paddies, and become more when both the amount of straw returned increased and the period of straw retention lasted. Straw retention and no-till had complex effects on N2O emission depending on the amounts and C/N ratio of straw returned, retention types, climate and soil properties. Straw retention increased SCS, while no-till altered the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and concentrated more carbon in the upper layer of soil. CT decreased net GHG emission and even converted some arable fields from carbon pool to sink if SCS was taken into account in GWP calculation. So the extension of CT is important for mitigation GHG emission from cropland. |
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