| 黄永春,张长波,任兴华,王培培,王常荣,刘仲齐.土壤和茎基部镉含量对稻米镉污染风险的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2020,39(5):989-999. |
| 土壤和茎基部镉含量对稻米镉污染风险的影响 |
| Effects of cadmium content in soil and stem base on the risk of cadmium contamination in rice |
| 投稿时间：2020-03-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0294 |
| 中文关键词: 水稻 镉 海拔 土壤深度 生长季节 风险 |
| 英文关键词: rice cadmium elevation soil depth growing seasons risk |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0801100）；中国农科院科技创新工程项目（CAAS-XTCX2016018） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 黄永春 | 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 张长波 | 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 任兴华 | 湖南省湘潭市农业科学研究所, 湖南 湘潭 411134 | | | 王培培 | 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 王常荣 | 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | | | 刘仲齐 | 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 天津 300191 | liuzhongqi508@163.com |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为了探讨影响稻米镉（Cd）污染风险的关键因素，通过分析土壤总Cd和有效态Cd含量在不同海拔高度和季节间的变化，对降低稻米Cd超标风险的科学分类方法进行了比较研究。结果表明，海拔高度、水稻生长季节和深层土壤Cd含量等因素对耕层土壤Cd污染程度均有显著影响，低海拔地区的土壤Cd含量显著高于高海拔地区。深层土壤（40~60 cm）的Cd含量比较稳定（0.11~0.60 mg·kg-1），耕层土壤（0~20 cm） Cd含量波动很大（0.22~1.78 mg·kg-1）。耕层土壤Cd总量和有效态Cd含量高度线性相关，但对低Cd稻米（Cd≤0.2 mg·kg-1）的分布频率没有显著影响。随着土壤Cd含量的增加，中Cd稻米（0.2 mg·kg-1-1）的分布频率显著下降，高Cd稻米（Cd>0.8 mg·kg-1）的发生率显著增加，导致稻米的超标风险急剧增加。在海拔高度为26~90 m的平原和岗地，稻米Cd含量和产地的海拔高度显著负相关，低海拔地区有效态Cd含量明显高于相邻的高海拔地区。根系和茎基部的Cd含量与稻米的Cd含量显著正相关，当茎基部Cd含量<4.0 mg·kg-1时，稻米Cd超过0.4 mg·kg-1的样点数为8.8%，全部样点的稻米Cd平均值为0.20 mg·kg-1。当茎基Cd含量>9.0 mg·kg-1时，稻米Cd含量几乎都在0.8 mg·kg-1以上。由此可见，以容易受农事活动和生态因素影响的耕层土壤Cd含量为依据对水稻产区进行分类，不能有效控制稻米Cd含量超过0.2 mg·kg-1的风险；以茎基Cd含量为依据进行稻田分类，可以有效降低稻米Cd超标的风险。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Changes in the content of total Cd and bioavailable Cd in soil at different elevations and seasons were studied to explore the key factors influencing the risk of rice Cd-contamination and to compare the effectiveness of different classification methods in reduction of rice Cd-contamination risk. The results showed that elevation, rice growing season and Cd content in deep soil (40~60 cm)had significant effects on the level of Cd-contamination in surface soil (0~20 cm). The Cd content in soil of low altitude area was significantly higher than that of high altitude area. The Cd content in deep soil was relatively stable (0.11~0.60 mg·kg-1), and the Cd content in surface soil fluctuated greatly (0.22~1.78 mg·kg-1). The total Cd content was closely correlated with the content of bioavailable Cd, but had little influence on the occurrence rate of low Cd rice (Cd ≤ 0.2 mg·kg-1). With the increase of Cd content in soil, the occurrence rate of medium Cd rice (0.2 mg·kg-1-1)decreased significantly, and the occurrence rate of high Cd rice (Cd>0.8 mg·kg-1)increased significantly, which led to a sharp increase in the risk of rice Cd over 0.2 mg·kg-1. In the plain and downland areas with an elevation of 26~90 m, the Cd content in rice was negatively correlated with the elevation of the producing area, and the bioavailable Cd content in the low elevation area was significantly higher than that in the adjacent high elevation area. Content of rice Cd was significantly and positively correlated with the Cd content in roots and stem base parts. When the Cd content in stem base was less than 4.0 mg·kg-1, only 8.8% samples had rice Cd content over 0.4 mg·kg-1, and the average rice Cd content in all samples was 0.20 mg·kg-1. When the Cd content in stem base was more than 9.0 mg·kg-1, nearly all samples showed high Cd content (>0.8 mg·kg-1). Therefore, risk of rice Cd over 0.2 mg·kg-1 will not efficiently decrease if rice production areas are classified based on the Cd content of surface soil which is easily affected by agricultural activities and ecological factors. Alternatively, classifying rice fields based on the Cd content in stem base can effectively reduce the risk of rice Cd over 0.2 mg·kg-1. |
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