| 邢钰媛,娄运生,王坤,刘健.施用生物炭和硅肥对增温水稻叶片光合及荧光特性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(2):451-463. |
| 施用生物炭和硅肥对增温水稻叶片光合及荧光特性的影响 |
| Effects of biochar and silicate supply on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of rice leaves under nighttime warming |
| 投稿时间：2020-07-28 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-0879 |
| 中文关键词: 夜间增温 生物炭 硅肥 水稻 光合作用 产量 |
| 英文关键词: nighttime warming biochar silicate rice photosynthesis yield |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（41875177，41375159）；中国地质调查局地质调查项目（DD20190305） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 夜间增温幅度大于白天是气候变暖的主要特征之一。夜间增温、施硅或施生物炭单因子对水稻生产的影响已有报道，但三者耦合如何影响水稻植株光合及荧光特性，尚不清楚。通过田间模拟试验，研究了夜间增温下施硅和生物炭对水稻不同生育期叶片光合作用和灌浆期荧光特性的影响。采用3因素3水平正交试验设计，用铝箔反光膜夜间（19：00—6：00）覆盖水稻冠层模拟夜间增温，设常温对照（W0）、5 mm铝箔膜覆盖（W1）和11 mm铝箔膜覆盖（W2）3水平；生物炭施用量设不施生物炭（B0）、施7.5 t·hm-2（B1）和施17.5 t·hm-2（B2）3水平；硅肥设不施硅（Si0）、钢渣粉（Si1，200 kg·hm-2）和矿粉（Si2，200 kg·hm-2）3水平。结果表明，5 mm和11 mm铝箔膜可使5 cm土层夜间均温分别提高0.72℃和0.28℃，10 cm土层提高0.43℃和0.05℃。夜间增温降低水稻叶片平均净光合速率（Pn）、气孔限制值（Ls）和水分利用效率（WUE），提高平均蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和气孔导度（Gs）；增加灌浆期的荧光耗散，抑制PSⅡ原初光能转化效率和光合性能，其中对Ls、Gs、Ci和光合性能的影响达显著水平（P<0.05）。施用生物炭（7.5 t·hm-2）和硅肥可提高Pn，缓解夜间增温对水稻光合作用和荧光特性的抑制作用。在增温和不施硅条件下，施用生物炭（7.5 t·hm-2）可促进光合作用，实现增产。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The higher increase in temperature at nighttime than that at daytime is one of the main features of global climate warming. The effect of nighttime warming and either silicon or biochar application alone on rice production is known; however, it is unclear whether the three factors have coupled effects on the photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of rice under field conditions. A field simulation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar and silicate supply on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics of rice under nighttime warming. An orthogonal experimental design with three factors and three levels was adopted in the field experiment. The nighttime warming treatment was applied by covering the rice canopy with aluminum foil reflective film at night(19:00-6:00). The nighttime warming was set at three levels:ambient temperature control(W0), with 5 mm aluminum foil film(W1), and with 11 mm aluminum foil film(W2); biochar supply was designed at 3 levels:control(B0), 7.5 t·hm-2 biochar(B1), and 17.5 t·hm-2 biochar(B2); silicate was applied at three levels:control(Si0), steel slag powder(Si1, 200 kg·hm-2), and ore powder(Si2, 200 kg·hm-2). The results showed that 5 mm and 11 mm aluminum foil film increased the nighttime average temperature at the 5 cm soil layer by 0.72℃ and 0.28℃, and that at the 10 cm soil layer by 0.43℃ and 0.05℃, respectively. The average net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal limit value(Ls), and water use efficiency(WUE) decreased, whereas the transpiration rate(Tr), intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), and stomatal conductance(Gs)increased under nighttime warming. Nighttime warming increased the light fluorescence depletion, and inhibited PS Ⅱ original light energy conversion efficiency and photosynthetic performance. The effects on Ls, Gs, Ci, and photosynthetic performance were significant at P<0.05. The application of 7.5 t·hm-2 biochar and silicate supply improved Pn, and alleviated the inhibitory effects of nighttime warming on photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics. Under nighttime warming and no silicate supply, photosynthesis and rice yield can be increased with the application of 7.5 t·hm-2 biochar. |
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