| 赵晓东,赵鹏宇,李晓晶,燕平梅,任天志,李永涛.土壤真菌对威百亩熏蒸的响应特征[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(3):580-590. |
| 土壤真菌对威百亩熏蒸的响应特征 |
| Response characteristics of soil fungi to metam sodium fumigation |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1333 |
| 中文关键词: 威百亩 土壤 植物病原真菌 群落组成 种间关系 薰蒸剂 |
| 英文关键词: metam sodium soil plant pathogenic fungi community composition interspecific relationship fumigant |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42007121，40871131）；山西省重点研发项目（201603D221008-1） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 赵晓东 | 太原师范学院生物系, 山西 榆次 030619
农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 赵鹏宇 | 太原师范学院生物系, 山西 榆次 030619 | | | 李晓晶 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191 | lixiaojing@caas.cn | | 燕平梅 | 太原师范学院生物系, 山西 榆次 030619 | | | 任天志 | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业农村部产地环境污染防控重点实验室, 天津市农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室, 天津 300191 | | | 李永涛 | 华南农业大学资源环境学院, 广州 510642 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探明土壤熏蒸后真菌群落的演变特征及其种间关系的变化规律，以揭示熏蒸剂对土壤生态系统的利害关系。选取威百亩作为典型熏蒸剂对连作3年黄瓜的土壤进行熏蒸处理，并采用高通量测序手段检测了各处理在不同时段的真菌群落。与未熏蒸对照处理（NM）相比，Chao1指数在低浓度（LM，50 mg·kg-1）和高浓度威百亩熏蒸处理（HM，100 mg·kg-1）中分别降低了14%（P=0.001）和16%（P=0.005），各处理真菌群落结构的差异也达显著水平。供试土壤中潜在典型病原真菌主要为Gibberella和Fusarium，且受到威百亩熏蒸的显著抑制，尤其在HM处理中，其丰度较NM处理分别降低了95%和53%（P<0.05）。而潜在典型有益菌如Talaromyces和Arthrographis展现出与潜在病原菌相反的趋势，且这种趋势在HM处理中更明显。随着培养时间延长，虽然Gibberella和Fusarium在LM处理中展现出抑制-恢复的趋势，但在HM处理中其丰度随时间逐渐降低。Network关联分析结果显示，在NM处理中各功能菌丰度间均为正相关关系，而高浓度威百亩熏蒸后出现了优势菌对潜在病原菌的拮抗作用。综上所述，相比于低浓度威百亩熏蒸，高浓度威百亩不仅有效抑制了土壤中潜在病原真菌的活性，而且还通过调控真菌群落种间关系从而强化了优势菌对潜在病原真菌的拮抗作用，进而间接地增强了部分有益菌的活性。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to reveal the effect of fumigants on the soil ecosystem, the variation in the soil fungal community composition, and the interspecific relationships after fumigation were explored. Metam sodium was selected as a typical fumigant for the soil of cucumber, continuously cropped for three years. After different periods, the fungal communities in each treatment were detected by high-throughput sequencing. Compared with the non-fumigation treatment(NM), the Chao 1 index decreased by 14%(P=0.001), and 16%(P=0.005) in the fumigation treatment with a low concentration(LM, 50 mg·kg-1), and a high concentration of metam sodium(HM, 100 mg·kg-1), respectively. The discrepancy in the fungal community structures as a result of the different treatments was also significant. The genera, Gibberella and Fusarium(typical, potentially pathogenic fungi of the soil), were inhibited by metam sodium fumigation, especially in the HM treatment, and declined by 95% and 53%(P<0.05), respectively, compared to the NM treatment.In contrast, some typical, potentially beneficial fungi(such as Talaromyces and Arthrographis) were inversely related to the potentially pathogenic fungi, and this trend was more obvious in the HM treatment. Compared to the NM treatment, the abundance of Gibberella and Fusarium in LM showed decline increase trend, in comparison, the abundance of Gibberella and Fusarium in the HM treatment always decreased over time. According to the network analysis, the abundance of different functional fungi in the NM treatment showed positive correlation, with dominant fungi antagonistic to potentially pathogenic fungi appearing in the HM treatment. Compared to low concentration metam sodium fumigation, high concentration metam sodium not only effectively inhibited the activity of potentially pathogenic fungi in the soil, but also strengthened the antagonistic effect of dominant fungi on potentially pathogenic fungi by regulating the interspecific relationships in the fungal community, and indirectly enhanced the activity of some beneficial bacteria. |
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