| 相微微,李夏隆,严加坤,刘翠英,王建武,屈香香.榆林煤气化渣重金属生物有效性评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(5):1097-1105. |
| 榆林煤气化渣重金属生物有效性评价 |
| Bioavailability evaluation of heavy metals in Yulin coal gasification slag |
| 投稿时间：2020-11-17 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2020-1326 |
| 中文关键词: 煤气化渣 重金属 生物有效性 铊（Tl） |
| 英文关键词: coal gasification slag heavy metal bioavailability thallium |
| 基金项目:陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室开放课题（KFXM201802，KFXM201803）；陕西省科技厅一般项目（2017NY-089）；榆林市科技局项目（2018-2-50） |
| 作者 | 单位 | E-mail | | 相微微 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | | | 李夏隆 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | | | 严加坤 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | | | 刘翠英 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | | | 王建武 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | 47552748@qq.com | | 屈香香 | 榆林学院, 陕西省陕北矿区生态修复重点实验室, 陕西 榆林 719000 | |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为系统评价榆林煤气化渣重金属生物有效性，采用化学提取法和生物评价法（植物指示法和微生物评价法）进行研究。结果表明：细渣重金属的非残渣态含量均在90%以上；粗渣中镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）、砷（As）、锌（Zn）、铊（Tl）、钒（V）和锑（Sb）的非残渣态含量约占90%，其余重金属含量较低。添加细渣培养的大豆苗茎和叶中Tl含量分别为2 189.3 μg·kg-1和570.1 μg·kg-1，添加粗渣培养的大豆苗茎和叶中Tl含量分别为550.0 μg·kg-1和99.6 μg·kg-1，超过了可食用植物中Tl的安全限值（0.03~0.3 mg·kg-1）；添加煤气化渣培养的大豆苗叶中铅（Pb）、汞（Hg）、镍（Ni）和铬（Cr）的含量超过国家标准限量要求。添加细渣培养的细菌菌体重金属含量都显著高于添加粗渣的菌体，大部分细渣培养的菌体含量都比粗渣培养的高一个数量级以上。化学提取法、植物指示法和微生物评价均表明榆林煤气化细渣的重金属生物有效性更强，毒性较粗渣大，大量添加煤气化渣可以造成多种重金属在植物地上部分积累，因此煤气化渣直接用于土壤水体修复要慎重。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| In order to systematically evaluate the bioavailability of heavy metals in Yulin coal gasification slag, the chemical extraction method and biological evaluation method(plant indicator method and microbial evaluation method) were used. The results showed that most of the heavy metals in fine slag were in the non-residuals state, and the content was greater than 90%; the content of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, zinc, thallium, vanadium, and antimony in coarse slag was about 90%, and the content of other heavy metals was low. The thallium contents in the stems and leaves of soybean seedlings cultured with fine slag were 2 189.3 μg·kg-1 and 570.1 μg·kg-1, respectively. The thallium contents in the stems and leaves of soybean seedlings cultured with coarse slag were 550.0 μg·kg-1 and 99.6 μg·kg-1, respectively, which exceeded the safety limit of thallium in edible plants(0.03~0.3 mg·kg-1). The contents of lead, mercury, nickel, and chromium in the leaves of soybean seedlings cultured with coal gasification slag exceeded the national standard. The heavy metal content of bacteria cultured with fine slag was significantly higher than that of bacteria cultured with coarse slag; the most of cellular content cultured by the fine slag was one order of magnitude greater than that of cultured by the coarse slag. In conclusion, the chemical extraction method, plant indicator method, and microbial evaluation all indicated that the heavy metal bioavailability and toxicity of Yulin gasification fine slag were stronger than those of coarse slag. The addition of large amounts of coal gasification slag could cause the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Therefore, it should be cautious about directly using the coal gasification slag for soil and water remediation. |
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