| 张理胜,赵迪,薄录吉,张克强,王风.季铵盐改性秸秆阻控养殖肥液灌溉土壤氮淋失[J].农业环境科学学报,2021,40(11):2582-2588. |
| 季铵盐改性秸秆阻控养殖肥液灌溉土壤氮淋失 |
| The control of nitrogen leaching loss in soil irrigated with quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw |
| 投稿时间：2021-09-06 |
| DOI：10.11654/jaes.2021-1028 |
| 中文关键词: 季铵盐改性秸秆 养殖肥液 氮素 淋失 |
| 英文关键词: quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw biogas slurry nitrogen leaching loss |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0800403）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（Y2021XC18）；云南省重大科技专项计划项目（202102AE090011） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为探究养殖肥液灌溉条件下，季铵盐改性秸秆对土壤氮素淋失的影响及阻控效果，通过室内土柱模拟试验，研究了季铵盐改性秸秆不同施用量（质量分数为0%、1%、2%、4%）和施用方式（0~10 cm混合、0~20 cm混合、10 cm处作为隔层）对不同形态氮素（总氮、硝态氮和有机氮）的影响。结果表明：在试验施用量范围内，季铵盐改性秸秆施加量越大对氮素淋失阻控的效果越好，2%和4%季铵盐改性秸秆施加处理的淋溶液中总氮、硝态氮、有机氮淋失量分别比对照（仅施用养殖肥液）降低了47.1%、51.8%、24.7%和78.7%、83.2%、57.6%，且两处理间均达到5%显著差异水平。3种施用方式对土壤氮素淋失的影响不显著，但0~10 cm混合与0~20 cm混合处理与对照相比，季铵盐改性秸秆的施加能抑制养殖肥液灌溉过程中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化，从而降低氮素淋失风险。此外养殖肥液灌溉氮素淋失以硝态氮为主。研究表明，季铵盐改性秸秆施用是阻控养殖肥液灌溉土壤氮淋失的有效措施。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To explore the effect of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw on soil nitrogen leaching under the condition of aquaculture fertilizer liquid-irrigation and the control effect, indoor soil-column simulation tests were performed by adding different amounts of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw(mass fractions of 0%, 1%, 2%, or 4%)under various addition methods(0~10 cm mixing, 0~20 cm mixing, or 10 cm as an interlayer)for different forms of nitrogen(total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and organic nitrogen). The results showed that the control effect of nitrogen leaching improved with an increase in the amount of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw. The total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and organic nitrogen leaching losses of the leaching solution were treated with 2% and 4% quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straws, respectively. Compared with the control, the total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and organic nitrogen leaching losses decreased by 47.1%, 51.8%, and 24.7%, respectively, in the 2% treatment, and by 78.7%, 83.2%, and 57.6%, respectively, in the 4% treatment, reaching a significant level of 5% between the treatments. The effects of the three application methods on soil nitrogen leaching were not significant; however, compared with the control, the application of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw could inhibit ammonium in the irrigation process of the aquaculture fertilizer solution. The conversion of nitrogen from nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen reduced the risk of nitrogen leaching. In addition, the nitrogen leaching loss of the aquaculture fertilizer solution was mainly as nitrate nitrogen. The application of quaternary ammonium-salt-modified straw is an effective measure for controlling the nitrogen leaching loss of soil irrigated with aquaculture fertilizer solution. |
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